Page 52 - Active Science 5 Ebook and Activity

C ommunicable Diseases

Communicable diseases spread from one person to another. Some common
diseases are:

1. Diarrhoea: In this disease, the stomach of a person gets upset with frequent and

watery stools. The person feels very weak due to loss lot of water and minerals from
the body. When one suffers from diarrhoea, it is better not to have spicy or oily food.
Replacing the liquid in the body is important.

Remedy: The best fight against dehydration is with Oral Rehydration Solution
(O.R.S). Also, it is good to have foods like rice soup, banana, yogurt, mashed potato.

Activity 4.3

Preparation of ORS

1. Boil one litre of water.

2. Add five teaspoons of sugar and one teaspoon of salt.
3. Mix well until the sugar and salt dissolve. (1 litre of boiled water) + 5 spoons of
4. Let it cool. sugar + 1 spoon of salt

5. The patient should drink one glassful of ORS for each time he or she goes to the toilet.

2. Cold and Flu: This spreads mainly through air. The germs spread in the air when a
sick person coughs or sneezes. They can also spread from person to person, by touch.
You can reduce the spread of germs by covering your mouth and nose when you cough
and sneeze and by washing your hands afterwards. Medicines do not cure cold and flu
so we have to get better using natural remedies.

3. Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by germs that spread through the air. TB
germs can affect any organ of the body like the lungs, brain or bones. Most commonly
TB affects the lungs. A person with TB might lose weight, have fever, become weak
and cough a lot or even cough up blood. Patients with TB can be completely cured with

medicines.

Let’s Recapitulate
Choose the correct option.

1. Diseases are categorized into ____________.
a. Communicable and non-communicable b. strand and stick c. TB and cold

2. In diarrhoea, ____________ of a person gets affected.
a. throat b. stomach c. mouth

52 Active Science-5